Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

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Companhia Paranaense de Energia backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Companhia Paranaense de Energia. 2 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; Supertrend ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. The return/drawdown alternative is Supertrend (CAGR 10.2%, MDD -56.9%).

Data 2000-01-03 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 6,672 (26.6 years)Costs 0.5%Venue BMFBOVESPAMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

2 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 10.0%, drawdown -75.4%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): Supertrend — CAGR 10.2%, MDD -56.9%, Sharpe 0.52, 53% exposure.

Return/drawdown alternative: Supertrend — CAGR is 0.2%p higher than buy and hold, while drawdown improves by 18.5%p (CAGR 10.2%, MDD -56.9%, exposure 53%).

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
Supertrend
period=8, mult=4.3
10.2%-56.9%0.520.1813.1x9253%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=56, k=2.5
6.8%-43.0%0.460.165.7x6828%
ROC 모멘텀
Hold-like · Exposure 100%
n=1, threshold=-0.15
10.1%-75.7%0.450.1312.8x7100%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=19, slow=51
8.0%-58.2%0.430.147.8x13756%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=67, exitN=32
6.8%-52.6%0.410.135.7x7044%
MACD
fast=24, slow=58, signal=33
6.7%-65.5%0.390.105.6x20051%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=18, slow=212
6.4%-68.5%0.360.095.2x5761%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=53, atrPeriod=9, mult=3.3
2.7%-46.4%0.240.062.0x8829%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=27, threshold=31
1.3%-20.4%0.230.061.4x164%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.28
2.7%-65.7%0.230.042.0x21252%
Buy and hold10.0%-75.4%0.440.1312.4x1100%
1x 10x 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 2021 2025 SupertrendBuy and hold
Supertrend: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -19% -38% -57% -75% 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 2021 2025 Buy and holdSupertrend
Supertrend maximum drawdown -56.9% (2020-02-19 → 2023-05-31), prior peak not yet recovered.

Rules of the top strategy

Trades the direction of a volatility-based trend line that trails below/above price.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

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