Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

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Klabin SA backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Klabin SA. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ADX / DI 방향성 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester.

Data 2002-03-25 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 6,092 (24.4 years)Costs 0.5%Venue BMFBOVESPAMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 14.3%, drawdown -71.3%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ADX / DI 방향성 — CAGR 10.3%, MDD -42.3%, Sharpe 0.43, 28% exposure.

CAGR reference leader: Donchian 채널 돌파 — CAGR 11.4%, MDD -58.9%, exposure 76%.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ADX / DI 방향성
period=22, threshold=35
10.3%-42.3%0.430.2410.8x4628%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=31, k=3
9.9%-51.1%0.420.199.9x4627%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=28, exitN=61
11.4%-58.9%0.390.1913.9x5976%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=16, atrPeriod=16, mult=4
10.1%-47.3%0.350.2110.4x5229%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.01, maxStep=0.26
7.3%-55.8%0.350.135.6x17353%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=44, slow=137
5.2%-67.3%0.300.083.5x4656%
ROC 모멘텀
n=121, threshold=-0.03
4.7%-76.3%0.280.063.1x20267%
MACD
fast=21, slow=65, signal=23
4.3%-74.3%0.250.062.8x16148%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=19, slow=74
2.5%-82.1%0.240.031.8x7955%
Supertrend
period=10, mult=4.5
1.4%-88.5%0.200.021.4x11754%
Buy and hold14.3%-71.3%0.450.2026.1x1100%
1x 10x 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024 Donchian 채널 돌파ADX / DI 방향성Buy and hold
ADX / DI 방향성 (Sharpe leader), Donchian 채널 돌파 (CAGR reference), Buy and hold.
0% -18% -36% -54% -71% 2003 2006 2009 2012 2015 2018 2021 2024 Buy and holdDonchian 채널 돌파ADX / DI 방향성
ADX / DI 방향성 maximum drawdown -42.3% (2010-12-15 → 2010-12-23), recovered after 793 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Looks at both the direction and the strength of the trend; holds only in a strong uptrend.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

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