Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

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tonies SE Class A backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of tonies SE Class A. 7 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; 볼린저 밴드 돌파 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. The return/drawdown alternative is ADX / DI 방향성 (CAGR 7.5%, MDD -11.0%).

Data 2021-05-03 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 1,339 (5.2 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XETRMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

7 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 4.5%, drawdown -71.8%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): 볼린저 밴드 돌파 — CAGR 14.7%, MDD -26.2%, Sharpe 0.87, 21% exposure.

CAGR reference leader: SMA 크로스오버 — CAGR 19.5%, MDD -28.2%, exposure 53%.

Return/drawdown alternative: ADX / DI 방향성 — CAGR is 10.2%p higher than buy and hold, while drawdown improves by 45.6%p (CAGR 7.5%, MDD -11.0%, exposure 7%).

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=46, k=3
14.7%-26.2%0.870.562.0x921%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=30, slow=52
19.5%-28.2%0.760.692.6x3353%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=32, threshold=31
7.5%-11.0%0.700.681.5x27%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=26, exitN=63
17.1%-32.8%0.640.522.3x773%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=49, slow=196
11.6%-33.3%0.620.351.8x334%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=16, atrPeriod=26, mult=4
3.7%-13.9%0.450.271.2x46%
ROC 모멘텀
n=38, threshold=0.08
7.2%-38.3%0.420.191.4x6928%
Supertrend
period=14, mult=5
8.6%-44.2%0.410.191.5x1371%
MACD
fast=21, slow=53, signal=20
1.4%-52.4%0.190.031.1x4448%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.02, maxStep=0.06
-2.3%-61.9%0.05-0.040.9x8551%
Buy and hold4.5%-71.8%0.310.061.3x1100%
1x 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 SMA 크로스오버볼린저 밴드 돌파Buy and hold
볼린저 밴드 돌파 (Sharpe leader), SMA 크로스오버 (CAGR reference), Buy and hold.
0% -18% -36% -54% -72% 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 Buy and holdSMA 크로스오버볼린저 밴드 돌파
볼린저 밴드 돌파 maximum drawdown -26.2% (2021-10-04 → 2024-05-02), recovered after 974 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Breaking above the upper band (average plus a multiple of volatility) signals a strong move up.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

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