Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · GB

Unilever PLC backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Unilever PLC. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ROC 모멘텀 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. Its 98% market exposure makes it hold-like.

Data 1988-07-01 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 9,766 (38.1 years)Costs 0.5%Venue LSEMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 4.1%, drawdown -98.5%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ROC 모멘텀 — CAGR 0.4%, MDD -98.5%, Sharpe 1.03, 98% exposure. With at least 95% exposure, it should be treated as hold-like, not strong evidence of timing skill.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ROC 모멘텀
Hold-like · Exposure 98%
n=8, threshold=-0.09
0.4%-98.5%1.030.001.2x20798%
Donchian 채널 돌파
Hold-like · Exposure 98%
entryN=1, exitN=178
-9.0%-100.0%1.01-0.090.0x8998%
Supertrend
period=3, mult=4.8
-60.9%-100.0%0.92-0.610.0x16361%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=46, slow=47
-64.0%-100.0%0.91-0.640.0x84363%
MACD
fast=10, slow=24, signal=17
-83.5%-100.0%0.82-0.840.0x61552%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=56, slow=175
-90.2%-100.0%0.70-0.900.0x10256%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=6, k=0.6
-95.8%-100.0%0.63-0.960.0x195746%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=6, threshold=11
-97.5%-100.0%0.51-0.980.0x141148%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.045, maxStep=0.18
-97.4%-100.0%0.51-0.970.0x124146%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=20, atrPeriod=9, mult=1.3
-98.6%-100.0%0.33-0.990.0x45529%
Buy and hold4.1%-98.5%1.030.044.7x1100%
0.1 1x 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024 ROC 모멘텀Buy and hold
ROC 모멘텀: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -25% -49% -74% -99% 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 2019 2024 Buy and holdROC 모멘텀
ROC 모멘텀 maximum drawdown -98.5% (1993-12-28 → 1994-06-24), recovered after 1,186 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Rides the trend when recent return (momentum) over a window is above a threshold.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

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