Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · IT

Cembre S.p.A. backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Cembre S.p.A.. 3 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; EMA 크로스오버 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. The return/drawdown alternative is EMA 크로스오버 (CAGR 12.9%, MDD -42.6%).

Data 1998-07-17 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 7,170 (28.0 years)Costs 0.5%Venue MILMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

3 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 11.7%, drawdown -74.5%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): EMA 크로스오버 — CAGR 12.9%, MDD -42.6%, Sharpe 0.66, 63% exposure.

Return/drawdown alternative: EMA 크로스오버 — CAGR is 1.2%p higher than buy and hold, while drawdown improves by 31.9%p (CAGR 12.9%, MDD -42.6%, exposure 63%).

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
EMA 크로스오버
fast=52, slow=129
12.9%-42.6%0.660.3030.2x3163%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=30, slow=170
12.8%-53.8%0.650.2429.4x4361%
ROC 모멘텀
n=131, threshold=-0.09
12.0%-51.6%0.570.2323.9x12779%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=76, exitN=30
9.1%-41.3%0.570.2211.4x5641%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=71, k=1.8
7.3%-33.2%0.490.227.3x9239%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=77, atrPeriod=16, mult=2.9
6.9%-30.7%0.470.226.5x7837%
Supertrend
period=11, mult=4.6
8.4%-50.1%0.470.179.5x7459%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=18, threshold=19
6.8%-45.0%0.460.156.2x24036%
MACD
fast=23, slow=48, signal=23
4.0%-58.4%0.290.073.0x24251%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.4
3.5%-61.8%0.260.062.6x21054%
Buy and hold11.7%-74.5%0.520.1622.3x1100%
1x 10x 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023 EMA 크로스오버Buy and hold
EMA 크로스오버: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -19% -37% -56% -74% 1999 2003 2007 2011 2015 2019 2023 Buy and holdEMA 크로스오버
EMA 크로스오버 maximum drawdown -42.6% (1999-12-06 → 2003-08-08), recovered after 2,096 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Uses two exponential averages (more weight on recent prices) and trades their crossover.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

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