Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · US

Erie Indemnity Company backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Erie Indemnity Company. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; Donchian 채널 돌파 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester.

Data 1995-10-02 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 7,758 (30.8 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XNASMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 9.2%, drawdown -62.0%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): Donchian 채널 돌파 — CAGR 6.0%, MDD -31.2%, Sharpe 0.48, 26% exposure.

CAGR reference leader: SMA 크로스오버 — CAGR 7.1%, MDD -55.2%, exposure 55%.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=80, exitN=10
6.0%-31.2%0.480.196.0x10426%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=18, slow=116
7.1%-55.2%0.440.138.2x9655%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=44, atrPeriod=18, mult=3.7
4.4%-40.9%0.420.113.7x5419%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=35, slow=98
6.5%-64.4%0.410.107.0x7458%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=26, k=2.5
4.2%-49.6%0.360.083.5x12421%
Supertrend
period=12, mult=3.7
5.2%-66.5%0.350.084.7x11449%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=14, threshold=39
2.4%-28.0%0.310.092.1x649%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.28
3.9%-55.4%0.280.073.3x26452%
MACD
fast=19, slow=36, signal=22
2.0%-54.2%0.200.041.8x29452%
ROC 모멘텀
n=114, threshold=0.05
0.8%-79.8%0.140.011.3x32046%
Buy and hold9.2%-62.0%0.440.1514.9x1100%
1x 10x 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 SMA 크로스오버Donchian 채널 돌파Buy and hold
Donchian 채널 돌파 (Sharpe leader), SMA 크로스오버 (CAGR reference), Buy and hold.
0% -15% -31% -46% -62% 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 Buy and holdSMA 크로스오버Donchian 채널 돌파
Donchian 채널 돌파 maximum drawdown -31.2% (1996-07-02 → 1999-09-20), recovered after 2,780 days.

Rules of the top strategy

A new high means a trend starting; a new low means it’s over (turtle-trading style).

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

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