Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · US

California Water Service Group backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of California Water Service Group. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ADX / DI 방향성 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester.

Data 1973-02-21 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 13,474 (53.4 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XNYSMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 6.5%, drawdown -41.7%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ADX / DI 방향성 — CAGR 2.2%, MDD -27.0%, Sharpe 0.26, 25% exposure.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ADX / DI 방향성
period=44, threshold=26
2.2%-27.0%0.260.083.2x2025%
ROC 모멘텀
Hold-like · Exposure 95%
n=89, threshold=-0.14
1.7%-76.6%0.190.022.4x17795%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=118, exitN=160
1.6%-62.8%0.180.032.4x3963%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=15, k=3.5
0.1%-10.4%0.080.011.1x322%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=69, slow=215
-0.7%-87.4%0.08-0.010.7x8564%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=54, slow=187
-0.9%-84.8%0.06-0.010.6x10960%
Supertrend
period=12, mult=3.6
-2.7%-92.0%-0.04-0.030.2x23159%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.38
-4.8%-97.2%-0.15-0.050.1x43554%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=52, atrPeriod=12, mult=2.9
-2.8%-85.5%-0.22-0.030.2x13516%
MACD
fast=20, slow=53, signal=18
-6.7%-98.8%-0.27-0.070.0x60950%
Buy and hold6.5%-41.7%0.370.1628.6x1100%
1x 10x 1974 1981 1988 1995 2002 2009 2016 2023 ADX / DI 방향성Buy and hold
ADX / DI 방향성: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -10% -21% -31% -42% 1974 1981 1988 1995 2002 2009 2016 2023 Buy and holdADX / DI 방향성
ADX / DI 방향성 maximum drawdown -27.0% (1977-01-21 → 1980-12-16), recovered after 2,056 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Looks at both the direction and the strength of the trend; holds only in a strong uptrend.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

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