Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · US

Mastercard Incorporated backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Mastercard Incorporated. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ROC 모멘텀 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. Its 98% market exposure makes it hold-like.

Data 2006-05-25 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 5,077 (20.2 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XNYSMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 27.0%, drawdown -62.8%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ROC 모멘텀 — CAGR 26.4%, MDD -54.9%, Sharpe 0.93, 98% exposure. With at least 95% exposure, it should be treated as hold-like, not strong evidence of timing skill.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ROC 모멘텀
Hold-like · Exposure 98%
n=20, threshold=-0.15
26.4%-54.9%0.930.48113.9x4398%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=39, exitN=90
21.0%-50.9%0.840.4147.0x2785%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=57, slow=65
17.6%-48.2%0.760.3726.5x3978%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=53, slow=138
17.4%-41.0%0.750.4225.4x2677%
Supertrend
period=17, mult=5
14.3%-40.1%0.710.3614.9x6163%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=48, atrPeriod=19, mult=3.4
7.2%-19.1%0.540.384.1x6333%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=77, k=2.3
8.2%-34.4%0.530.244.9x4941%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=25, threshold=36
3.1%-11.9%0.490.261.9x42%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.015, maxStep=0.14
-0.4%-78.7%0.10-0.000.9x37961%
MACD
fast=15, slow=22, signal=19
-1.9%-79.8%0.02-0.020.7x33551%
Buy and hold27.0%-62.8%0.900.43123.9x1100%
1x 10x 100x 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 2025 ROC 모멘텀Buy and hold
ROC 모멘텀: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -16% -31% -47% -63% 2007 2010 2013 2016 2019 2022 2025 Buy and holdROC 모멘텀
ROC 모멘텀 maximum drawdown -54.9% (2008-06-02 → 2009-01-26), recovered after 886 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Rides the trend when recent return (momentum) over a window is above a threshold.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

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