Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · BR

Petroleo Brasileiro SA backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Petroleo Brasileiro SA. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; MACD ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. The return/drawdown alternative is MACD (CAGR 8.1%, MDD -68.9%).

Data 2000-01-03 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 6,672 (26.6 years)Costs 0.5%Venue BMFBOVESPAMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 9.3%, drawdown -90.5%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): MACD — CAGR 8.1%, MDD -68.9%, Sharpe 0.42, 52% exposure.

Return/drawdown alternative: MACD — CAGR is 1.2%p lower than buy and hold, while drawdown improves by 21.6%p (CAGR 8.1%, MDD -68.9%, exposure 52%).

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
MACD
fast=12, slow=73, signal=23
8.1%-68.9%0.420.127.9x25952%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=21, exitN=13
6.2%-65.6%0.370.094.9x19343%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.02, maxStep=0.08
4.9%-77.2%0.310.063.6x43553%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=29, k=1.9
4.3%-67.7%0.310.063.1x18732%
Supertrend
period=9, mult=3.2
4.1%-62.3%0.280.072.9x26153%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=8, slow=53
4.0%-74.1%0.280.052.8x17556%
ROC 모멘텀
n=60, threshold=-0.02
3.3%-78.2%0.260.042.4x31461%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=55, slow=155
3.1%-83.0%0.250.042.3x4361%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=25, threshold=39
0.7%-8.0%0.240.081.2x40%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=55, atrPeriod=14, mult=2.5
2.3%-66.9%0.210.031.8x14637%
Buy and hold9.3%-90.5%0.420.1010.6x1100%
1x 10x 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 2021 2025 MACDBuy and hold
MACD: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -23% -45% -68% -91% 2001 2005 2009 2013 2017 2021 2025 Buy and holdMACD
MACD maximum drawdown -68.9% (2008-05-21 → 2011-10-20), recovered after 2,898 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Looks at the gap (MACD) between a short and long average crossing its own signal line.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

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