Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

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Heineken NV backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Heineken NV. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; Donchian 채널 돌파 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester.

Data 1995-03-27 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 8,079 (31.3 years)Costs 0.5%Venue EURONEXTMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 5.4%, drawdown -64.8%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): Donchian 채널 돌파 — CAGR 3.9%, MDD -63.7%, Sharpe 0.30, 55% exposure.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=102, exitN=78
3.9%-63.7%0.300.063.3x4355%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=63, slow=115
3.7%-65.7%0.290.063.1x7358%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=74, slow=235
3.1%-54.0%0.260.062.6x3158%
ROC 모멘텀
n=145, threshold=-0.06
2.1%-64.6%0.200.031.9x16772%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=41, k=3.4
0.7%-20.9%0.170.031.3x268%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=35, threshold=29
0.4%-13.8%0.120.031.1x103%
Supertrend
period=12, mult=4.6
-0.1%-61.4%0.08-0.001.0x11351%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=85, atrPeriod=13, mult=2.2
0.1%-59.8%0.080.001.0x13342%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.22
-4.2%-79.8%-0.15-0.050.3x28752%
MACD
fast=19, slow=42, signal=11
-6.3%-92.4%-0.29-0.070.1x46151%
Buy and hold5.4%-64.8%0.330.085.2x1100%
1x 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 Donchian 채널 돌파Buy and hold
Donchian 채널 돌파: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -16% -32% -49% -65% 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 2024 Buy and holdDonchian 채널 돌파
Donchian 채널 돌파 maximum drawdown -63.7% (2015-11-19 → 2026-05-13), prior peak not yet recovered.

Rules of the top strategy

A new high means a trend starting; a new low means it’s over (turtle-trading style).

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were selected on the same full-history sample using sharpe over 40 trials per strategy, so results contain in-sample bias. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-run the same setupAll asset reports

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