Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · US

Amazon.com, Inc. backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Amazon.com, Inc.. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; EMA 크로스오버 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester. The return/drawdown alternative is EMA 크로스오버 (CAGR 27.7%, MDD -64.6%).

Data 1997-05-15 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 7,348 (29.2 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XNASMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 31.2%, drawdown -94.4%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): EMA 크로스오버 — CAGR 27.7%, MDD -64.6%, Sharpe 0.80, 67% exposure.

Return/drawdown alternative: EMA 크로스오버 — CAGR is 3.5%p lower than buy and hold, while drawdown improves by 29.8%p (CAGR 27.7%, MDD -64.6%, exposure 67%).

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
EMA 크로스오버
fast=59, slow=74
27.7%-64.6%0.800.431255.7x5167%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=29, slow=158
24.4%-67.9%0.750.36594.3x4965%
ROC 모멘텀
n=132, threshold=-0.03
23.3%-60.5%0.730.38451.1x19170%
Supertrend
period=19, mult=5
18.7%-76.1%0.640.25148.4x10055%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=75, exitN=77
19.2%-79.5%0.630.24170.5x4568%
ADX / DI 방향성
period=31, threshold=7
16.6%-80.8%0.580.2189.7x35260%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.22
13.2%-80.4%0.510.1637.1x25258%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=19, k=3.1
8.0%-55.7%0.490.149.4x589%
MACD
fast=22, slow=56, signal=7
11.9%-85.8%0.480.1426.6x43452%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=59, atrPeriod=24, mult=2.3
10.4%-79.5%0.460.1318.2x15846%
Buy and hold31.2%-94.4%0.760.332757.9x1100%
1x 10x 100x 1,000x 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 2026 EMA 크로스오버Buy and hold
EMA 크로스오버: Solid strategy line versus dashed buy-and-hold line. Log scale.
0% -24% -47% -71% -94% 1998 2002 2006 2010 2014 2018 2022 2026 Buy and holdEMA 크로스오버
EMA 크로스오버 maximum drawdown -64.6% (1999-04-23 → 2002-01-16), recovered after 1,495 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Uses two exponential averages (more weight on recent prices) and trades their crossover.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

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