Trend-Following Backtester · Guide · backtest 한국어

equity · US

Associated Banc-Corp backtest

10 trend-following strategies were compared on the full daily history of Associated Banc-Corp. 0 beat buy-and-hold CAGR; ADX / DI 방향성 ranks first by Sharpe, matching the main backtester.

Data 1980-03-17 ~ 2026-07-31daily bars 11,688 (46.4 years)Costs 0.5%Venue XNYSMonthly snapshot 2026-07-31

Results by strategy

0 of 10 beat buy and hold (CAGR 8.6%, drawdown -74.7%).

Sharpe leader (same as main): ADX / DI 방향성 — CAGR 3.4%, MDD -27.3%, Sharpe 0.45, 15% exposure.

CAGR reference leader: EMA 크로스오버 — CAGR 5.3%, MDD -47.1%, exposure 66%.

No strategy retained at least 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR while reducing drawdown by both 20% relatively and 5 percentage points absolutely.

The alternative must retain 75% of buy-and-hold CAGR, improve drawdown by at least 20% and 5 percentage points, and stay below 95% exposure; the ranking weights return retention 60% and drawdown improvement 40%.

Strategy · parametersCAGRMDDSharpeCalmarTotalTradesExposure
ADX / DI 방향성
period=41, threshold=35
3.4%-27.3%0.450.124.7x2015%
볼린저 밴드 돌파
n=46, k=3
3.7%-39.8%0.350.095.3x6916%
EMA 크로스오버
fast=56, slow=135
5.3%-47.1%0.340.1111.1x6766%
SMA 크로스오버
fast=16, slow=260
5.2%-48.7%0.340.1110.6x8365%
ROC 모멘텀
n=55, threshold=-0.14
3.4%-86.8%0.260.044.7x21793%
Supertrend
period=12, mult=3.2
3.4%-68.7%0.260.054.6x21558%
Donchian 채널 돌파
entryN=118, exitN=71
2.9%-36.2%0.250.083.8x6747%
Parabolic SAR
step=0.005, maxStep=0.36
2.7%-83.9%0.230.033.4x34957%
Keltner 채널 돌파
emaPeriod=57, atrPeriod=23, mult=4
1.4%-41.4%0.170.031.9x6716%
MACD
fast=16, slow=52, signal=24
-3.5%-93.8%-0.04-0.040.2x51249%
Buy and hold8.6%-74.7%0.410.1246.4x1100%
1x 10x 1981 1987 1993 1999 2005 2011 2017 2023 EMA 크로스오버ADX / DI 방향성Buy and hold
ADX / DI 방향성 (Sharpe leader), EMA 크로스오버 (CAGR reference), Buy and hold.
0% -19% -37% -56% -75% 1981 1987 1993 1999 2005 2011 2017 2023 Buy and holdEMA 크로스오버ADX / DI 방향성
ADX / DI 방향성 maximum drawdown -27.3% (1981-08-14 → 1982-02-08), recovered after 448 days.

Rules of the top strategy

Looks at both the direction and the strength of the trend; holds only in a strong uptrend.

Method and caveats

Past performance does not guarantee future returns. Parameters were carried forward from the latest full optimization and replayed on this monthly dataset. 0.5% trading costs are included; taxes, slippage and rejected orders are not.
Re-optimize the same period and setupAll asset reports

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